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In the Dutch Republic, charitable collections, which formed the financial backbone of many poor relief institutions, were regularly organised by both religious and secular authorities. This book examines both the policies of church boards and town councils in organising these charitable appeals, as well as the general population's giving behaviour. Using archival sources from the towns of Delft, Utrecht, Zwolle, and 's-Hertogenbosch, Daniëlle Teeuwen shows how these authorities deployed organisational and rhetorical tactics-including creating awareness, establishing trust, and exerting pressure-to successfully promote fundraising campaigns. Not only did many relief institutions manage to collect large annual sums, but contributions came from across the socioeconomic spectrum.

Charities --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Poor --- Social service --- Endowments --- Finance --- History --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- History of the Netherlands --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Charity, collection strategies, giving behaviour, Dutch Republic.

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Largely unnoticed among English-speaking scholars of German history, a major shift in interpretation of German history has been underway during the past three decades among German historians ofGermany. While American and British historians continue to subscribe to an interpretation of German society as state centered, their German counterparts have begun to embrace an interpretation in which nineteenth- and twentieth-century German society was characterized by private initiative and a vibrant civil society. Public institutions such as museums, high schools, universities, hospitals, andcharities relied heavily on the support of wealthy donors. State funding for universities and high schools, for instance, accounted only for a fragment of the operating costs of those institutions, while private endowments running into the millions of marks funded scholarships as well as health care for teachers and students. Private support for public institutions was essential for their existence and survival: it was the backbone of Germany's civil society. This book is the first to provide the English-speaking reader with this revisionist interpretation of the role of the state and philanthropy in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany: a society in which private actors claimed responsibility for the common good and used philanthropic engagement to shape society according to their visions.

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Thomas Adam is Professor of History at the University of Texas at Arlington. He has published extensively in the field of transnational history and the history of philanthropy.

Charities --- Benefactors --- Endowments --- Civil society --- Public welfare --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Social contract --- Charitable foundations --- Charitable trusts --- Donations --- Educational endowments --- Endowed charities --- Foundations (Endowments) --- Philanthropy --- Private foundations --- School endowments --- Education and state --- Donors (Benefactors) --- Patrons (Benefactors) --- Persons --- Philanthropists --- Alms and almsgiving --- Charitable institutions --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Private nonprofit social work --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Poor --- History --- Government policy --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Germany --- Cultural policy. --- Social conditions. --- Politics and government. --- History. --- 19th century Germany. --- 20th century Germany. --- Common good. --- Donors. --- German charity. --- German history. --- German society. --- Germany. --- History of Philanthropy. --- Philanthropy. --- Private Endowments. --- Scholarships. --- State fuding. --- social welfare state.